Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition that affects the central part of the retina, leading to loss of central vision. There are two types of AMD: wet and dry. The wet form is characterized by abnormal blood vessel formation under the retina, while the dry form is due to the gradual buildup of deposits known as drusen under the macula. Although there is no known cure for AMD, the impact of the disease can be managed, and steps can be taken to reduce the risk of getting it.
Information on family eye history helps to understand the risk of AMD. People with a family history of AMD have a higher risk of developing the disease. This can be a parent, brother, or sister. Furthermore, smoking can significantly contribute to AMD - patients who smoke are 3–4 times more likely to develop AMD versus nonsmokers. Smoking affects the eyes because it has toxic components that harm the thin blood vessels and cells in the retina that provide the retina with nutrients.
One step to reduce the chance of getting AMD is to eat a diet with plenty of green vegetables and oily fish. Spinach, kale, and broccoli contain lutein and zeaxanthin that shield the eye's retina from harm. Some types of fish with high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon and mackerel, have been shown to decrease the chances of developing AMD. Consuming these foods can lower the risk of AMD and promote eye health if incorporated into one’s diet.
To minimize the impact of AMD, it’s important to be informed about the family's eye history, avoid smoking, and eat healthily. It is also critical to have one's eyes checked regularly by an ophthalmologist to detect AMD in its early stages, so that treatment can minimize its impact.
